基于无人机多光谱遥感的冬小麦冠层叶绿素含量估测研究

为探讨利用无人机多光谱影像监测冬小麦叶绿素含量的可行性,基于北京市大兴区中国水科院试验基地的2019年冬小麦无人机多光谱影像和田间实测冠层叶绿素含量数据,选取16种光谱植被指数,确定对冬小麦冠层叶绿素含量显著相关的植被指数,采用一元二次线性回归和逐步回归分析方法建立各生育时期及全生育期的SPAD值估测模型,通过精度检验确定对冬小麦冠层叶绿素含量监测的最优模型。结果表明,两种分析方法中逐步回归建模效果最佳。拔节期选取4个植被指数(MSR、CARI、NGBDI、TVI)建模效果最好,模型率定的决定系数(r~2)为0.73,模型验证的r~2、相对误差(RE)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.63、2.83%、1.68;抽穗期选取3个植被指数(GNDVI、GOSAVI、CARI)建模效果最好,模型率定的r~2为0.81,模型验证的r~2、RE、RMSE分别为0.63、2.83%、1.68;灌浆期选取2个植被指数(MSR、NGBDI)建模效果最好,模型率定的r~2为0.67,模型验证的r~2、RE、RMSE分别为0.65、2.83%、1.88。因此,无人机多光谱影像结合逐步回归模型可以很好地监测冬小麦SPAD值动态变化。     

文冠果实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

为筛选适用于文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge)性别分化过程研究和不同器官的内参基因,本研究以文冠果性别分化关键期的顶芽和侧芽、根、茎、叶、种仁、雌能花和雄能花为材料,通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)鉴定7个候选内参基因(Actin,UBQ,EF-1α,TUB,eIF-4α,18S rRNA和GAPDH)在各样品中的表达量,并评价7个基因的表达稳定性。结果表明,7个候选内参基因在不同样品中的表达量存在明显差异,各基因在雌能花中的表达均显著高于其他材料,在雄能花中的表达处于较低水平;适用于文冠果性别分化过程的最优内参基因为UBQ和eIF-4α,适用于不同器官的最优内参基因为EF-1α和GAPDH。研究结果将对今后进行文冠果性别分化过程研究和不同器官中的基因表达分析提供参考。     

新形势下山东棉花保险的发展与思考

回顾了2007年以来山东省棉花保险工作有关进展，分析了存在的主要问题，提出了改进相关工作的对策和建议。     

Fabrication of hydrophobic/oleophilic cotton fabric by mussel-inspired chemistry for oil/water separation

A straightforward approach was proposed to modify cotton fabric for oil/water separation based on musselinspired reaction. The poly(DMA-Octadecyl acrylate) was designed to contain key chemical constituents present in mussel adhesive proteins by free radical polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride and octadecyl acrylate, which strongly adsorbed to fabric substrates, providing a special surface for fabric. The chemical structure, surface topography, and surface wettability of the fabric were characterized. The results showed that as-prepared cotton fabric displayed a high CA of >150° when dripped water droplets were on the modified fabric surface, and the oil contact angle (OCA) was close to 0°, it had excellent potential to be used in practical applications and has created a new method of fabric modification for oil/water separation.     

Design and performance of a recirculating aquaculture system for oyster larval culture

The major objective of this study was to introduce a newly designed recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for oyster (Crassostrea angulata) larval culture. The system includes a culture tank, a suspended circular inlet‐pipe, an upwelling aeration pipe, combined “banjo” sieves and a bioreactor chamber containing microalgae life keeping installation. The system was designed to resolve three problems: (i) stranding of larvae caused by water level changes and aeration, (ii) physical clogging of the screens and also (iii) deterioration of diet microalgae. The culture tank, “banjo” sieve size, water flow rate and light intensity for maintaining microalgae activity were all designed according to the pattern of larval movement and feeding behaviour. Results of this study showed the best average SGR for larval length was 6.36%/d (9.5 μm/d) and survival rate was 80%, with initial rearing density of 50 larvae/ml, indicating the problems above were fully resolved. Consequently, the system is fit for larval culture in mass production of oysters.     

Comparative analysis of different methods revealing the involvement of proteins during ageing of rice seeds

Seed longevity is a very important characteristic controlling seed quality. However, the mechanism underlying this characteristic is poorly understood. In this study, 'FH7185', a storable rice variety, the germination rate of which was 66.63%, much higher than the control after artificial ageing under relative humidity 88% and 42°C for 21 days. Different methods were applied to reveal the involvement of proteins during ageing of rice seeds. In total, 35 differential proteins were identified from 2D‐PAGE, and 3,719 proteins from iTRAQ analysis. A comparison of these two methods showed that not all protein types could be detected on the 2D‐PAGE gels, and the dynamic range was somewhat limited. So the comprehensive proteome map from the iTRAQ analysis was used to identify the quantitatively regulated proteins that played roles in seed longevity, and found that the most marked change was the increased abundance of many metabolic enzymes, especially the ones involved in α‐linolenic acid metabolism in the embryos during ageing. OsLOX2 and OsLOX3 had a negative effect on seed longevity, which were lower in FH7185 than the control. The dehydrogenase (LOC_Os07g44430) which played a major catalytic role in lipid peroxidation, also changed significantly during ageing. Therefore, OsLOX2, OsLOX3 and Loc_OS 07G44430 may be involved in the regulation of seed longevity with a synergistic effect.     

Effects of stocking density on the survival,growth and physical injury of Marsupenaeus japonicus juveniles in a flowing water aquaculture system

Stocking density is a biotic factor affecting the production of cultivated animals in aquaculture. Herein, a rearing trial was conducted to investigate the impact of stocking density on the survival, growth performance and physical injury of Marsupenaeus japonicus juveniles in a flowing water aquaculture system. Five stocking densities were examined in this study, that is, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 individuals/m². Throughout the experiment, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite concentrations ranged from 0.02 ± 0.006 mg/L to 0.08 ± 0.035 mg/L and 0.002 ± 0.001 mg/L to 0.076 ± 0.021 mg/L respectively. The survival rate, specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), absolute growth rate (AGR) and coefficient of variation for weight (CV) across the stocking densities ranged from 90.38 ± 3.20% to 94.33 ± 4.73%, 1.42 ± 0.16%/day to 1.53 ± 0.05%/day, 1.09 ± 0.19 g to 1.15 ± 0.16 g, 0.018 ± 0.003 g/day to 0.019 ± 0.004 g/day and 16.21 ± 5.78% to 35.09 ± 10.68% respectively. Within the investigated densities, the survival rate and the abovementioned growth parameters were not significantly (p > .05) affected by the stocking density, consequently, a higher stocking density resulted in a significantly (p < .05) greater final biomass. The results regarding physical injury showed that the antennal breakage rate displayed a tendency of a positive correlation with the stocking density. Overall, the current study provides basic data for establishing a viable intensive farming system for M. japonicus and a promising indicator for easily assessing the crowding stress status of M. japonicus.     

利用iTRAQ技术和转录组筛选芍药属远缘杂交不亲和基因

【目的】远缘杂交育种是目前牡丹、芍药品种改良和育种的主要方法,而远缘杂交不亲和一直是制约其快速发展的主要因素。本研究从牡丹、芍药远缘杂交授粉后不亲和应答相关的柱头差异蛋白与转录组方面深入研究,揭示牡丹、芍药远缘杂交不亲和的分子机理,为杂交育种提供理论依据。【方法】以芍药‘粉玉奴’自交、芍药‘粉玉奴’与牡丹‘凤丹白’杂交为供试材料,在授粉后24 h采取柱头,分别进行同位素标记相对定量（iTRAQ）和转录组技术分析。对所获得的蛋白和转录组数据进行生物信息学分析,并对其中可能与远缘杂交不亲和相关的基因进行定量PCR验证。【结果】利用iTRAQ技术分析牡丹、芍药远缘杂交后柱头中蛋白质的表达差异,共鉴定到685个差异蛋白,富集到了188条通路,其中显著富集的Pathway有18条。与不亲和授粉相关代谢通路有RNA降解、钙信号途径、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway,MAPK）信号途径、磷脂酰肌醇信号系统。在RNA降解代谢通路中,烯醇酶（Enolase）、热休克蛋白DnaK（HSP70）及病菌抗原（GroEL）均表达下调。在钙信号途径中,钙调蛋白（CALM）表达下调,腺苷酸转运酶（adenine nucleotide translocase,ANT）表达量增加,表达上调。MAPK信号途径中,乙二醛酶Ⅰ（GloI）表达下调。磷脂酰肌醇信号系统中的钙调蛋白（CALM）表达下调。随机选取与差异蛋白相关的6个基因进行qRT-PCR验证,结果显示,6个基因的表达与蛋白质水平趋势相一致,均表达下调。通过转录组测序,共获得了52 998个有注释信息的Unigene,占所有Unigene的40.37%。基于6组样品的RPKM（Reads Per Kilobase per Million）值,共筛选到16 224个差异基因。其中上调基因13 361,下调基因2 863个。对差异基因进行Pathway显著富集分析,杂交与自交相比,不亲和差异表达的基因主要富集在氧化磷酸化代谢、ABC转运蛋白、次级代谢产物等通路。与远缘杂交不亲和相关且发生显著变化的基因有CalS-5、CalS-12（胼胝质酶）和SPL（squamosa promoter binding protein-like）表达上调,ABCF（ABC transporter family protein）表达下调。【结论】在转录组和蛋白数据共注释到6个蛋白、4个基因与植物不亲和性密切相关,这些蛋白与基因可能在远缘杂交不亲和方面发挥着重要作用。     

35份亚麻品种(系)在武汉市的适应性评价

为了丰富南方冬季亚麻(Linum usitatissimum L.)品种,引进筛选适合在当地种植的品种,采用灰色关联度分析法综合分析了35份亚麻材料原茎产量、株高、工艺长度、分枝数、茎粗、单株茎重、单株果数、千粒重、单株粒重等指标的关联度。结果表明,与对照品种04076-4-9关联度最大的是"651",适合在武汉市或相似生态区域推广种植;其次是M0459"、609",具有一定的发展潜力,也适宜推广。